Understanding Scoliosis

Scoliosis is a condition in which the spine curves abnormally to the side, forming a “C” or “S” shape. While it can develop at any age and vary in severity, it’s most often identified in childhood or early adolescence. According to the Scoliosis Research Society, this condition affects 6 to 9 million people in the U.S., or about 2% to 3% of the population.

Though many cases are mild and only require monitoring, others can lead to more visible spinal deformities, impacting physical function over time. Most commonly, scoliosis is diagnosed between the ages of 10 and 15, when children are growing rapidly.

Thanks to growing awareness and medical advances, more people are seeking care earlier, and the global scoliosis treatment market, valued at $165.2 billion in 2023, is projected to grow even further in the coming years.

What Causes Scoliosis?

Scoliosis can develop for multiple reasons, but in most cases, the exact cause remains unknown. This is referred to as idiopathic scoliosis and accounts for about 80% of all cases. Despite extensive research, no definitive root cause has been found for idiopathic scoliosis, although it tends to run in families, suggesting a possible genetic link. Men and women are affected in roughly equal numbers; however, women and girls may be more likely to have a more severe disease course and require treatment.

In addition to idiopathic cases of scoliosis, two other types have been described:

• Congenital scoliosis: This is a rare form caused by abnormal spine bone formation during fetal development.
• Neuromuscular scoliosis: This occurs when the muscles and nerves supporting the spine are affected by another medical condition, such as cerebral palsy, muscular dystrophy, or spina bifida.

Scoliosis can happen because of a spinal injury, tumor, or other condition affecting the nerves and muscles around the spine. Some scoliosis causes are also linked to genes and hormones. In adults, scoliosis can also occur due to gradual age-related changes in the spine. Known as degenerative scoliosis or adult-onset scoliosis, it often stems from joint wear, disc breakdown, or reduced bone density over time.

Scoliosis Symptoms

Scoliosis symptoms can vary depending on the degree (extent) of spinal curvature and the age of the person affected. In mild cases, scoliosis may not cause any pain or noticeable signs. If the curve gets worse, however, certain physical changes can become more apparent. Common scoliosis symptoms include:

• Pain, numbness, or weakness in the leg
• Difficulty standing up straight
• Back pain
• Weakness in the core muscles

Even if you don’t have any noticeable symptoms, other physical signs may point to scoliosis. These can include:

• Uneven waist or shoulders
• Elevated hips
• Shoulder blades that stick out on one side or both
• Tendency to lean to one side
• Uneven leg length

If left untreated, worsening scoliosis can lead to complications, such as breathing problems due to the spine pressing against the lungs or chronic back pain.

Diagnosis and Assessment

Scoliosis is often first detected during routine checkups or school screening programs, especially in children and teens who may not show obvious symptoms. Diagnosis typically starts with a detailed medical and family history to identify any underlying conditions or genetic patterns. This is followed by a physical exam to check for uneven shoulders, hips, or rib cage prominence, especially when bending forward.

An X-ray can be used to confirm a scoliosis diagnosis. This allows your doctor to measure the degree of spinal curvature using the Cobb angle, which helps determine the severity. A curve of 10 to 20 degrees is considered mild, while moderate cases range from 20 to 40 degrees. In severe cases, between 40 and 50 degrees, you may need to consider surgery.

Scoliosis Treatment Options in Beverly Hills

For scoliosis treatment, Dr. Hooman Melamed emphasizes conservative, non-surgical approaches to care whenever possible, especially for mild to moderate curves.

Initial management may include physical therapy, posture training, and core strengthening exercises. Activity and ergonomic adjustments can also help. For children and teens still growing, bracing may be recommended to keep the curve from worsening.

Spinal decompression therapy — a non-invasive technique that gently relieves pressure on the spine — may be included as part of a comprehensive treatment plan. Studies show success rates between 71% and 89%, with 78% of patients reporting improved quality of life following decompression treatment.

When conservative care isn’t enough, typically for severe or worsening curves, scoliosis surgery may be required. Dr. Melamed offers a range of advanced, minimally invasive techniques to correct and stabilize the spine with less tissue disruption and shorter recovery times. Spinal fusion surgery, for example, can be very effective in stopping the curve from getting worse.

Living with Scoliosis: Tips for Management and Support

Managing scoliosis is also about maintaining a healthy, active lifestyle and finding the right support. Regular low-impact exercise, such as swimming or yoga, can improve flexibility and reduce pain and discomfort. Maintaining a good posture and using ergonomic seating can also relieve daily strain.

For people struggling with scoliosis, finding support can make all the difference. Support groups, counseling, or community programs — like the Scoliosis Awareness Club founded by Natasha Melamed — can connect individuals with others facing similar challenges.

Contact Dr. Melamed Today

There are more than 600 doctors within a 10-mile radius of Beverly Hills offering scoliosis treatment; however, the average rating is just 4.1. With more than 500 Google ratings, Dr. Hooman Melamed’s rating is 4.9. Request an appointment online to take the first step toward relief today.